by Anna Adima

À la maison pendant la pandémie: l’opinion d’une afropéenne sur le Covid-19

En tant qu’afropéenne, je crois que la Covid-19 a rendu les inégalités sociales plus évidentes; cela me rappelle les privilèges et les désavantages que j’expérimente dans mes pays.
Uganda, Eastern Africa

Story by Anna Adima. Translated by Stefania Ledda
Published on July 4, 2020.

This story is also available in GB it nl



Mes maisons se trouvent en Afrique de l’Est et en Europe. La pandémie de Covid-19 m’a surprise en Ouganda, où je suis en train de réchapper à une stricte quarantaine à l’abri dans la maison familiale . En tant qu’afropéenne, je vois des parallèles frappants entre les inégalités sociales des deux continents. Le Covid-19 a maintenant rendu ces inégalités évidentes et cela me rappelle les privilèges et les désavantages que j'expérimente dans mes pays.

Je discute de la gravité de la pandémie dans ces deux régions du monde avec mes amis et ma famille d’Europe et d’Afrique. Au début, bien que la situation en Europe se fût aggravée et l’Ouganda fût dans une quarantaine rigide avec peu de cas, mes amis allemands s’inquiétaient que je reste en Ouganda, en citant les prédictions de l’OMS sur la dévastation de la Covid-19 en Afrique. [1] Paradoxalement, j’avais peur pour mes amis en Europe alors que le nombre de cas augmentait et que les gouvernements échouaient dans leurs interventions. Au mois de mars, mes amis d’Afrique de l’Est s’accordaient à dire qu’ils se trouvaient dans une meilleure situation que les européens. Maintenant, en juin, les chiffres nous racontent une histoire similaire: l’Ouganda a beaucoup moins de cas que l’Europe (au 19 juin 2020 il y a 755 cas confirmés avec 492 rétablissements et pas de décès [2]) tandis que le Royaume Unis est confronté à un taux important de décès [3]. Les mesures restrictives de quarantaine ont largement assuré la protection contre le virus; pourtant, elles ont eu des conséquences économiques dévastatrices pour beaucoup de gens. Les réactions sur les deux continents rendent une chose très claire: ni les strictes mesures de quarantaine ni celles de distanciation sociale volontaire n’ont changé la donne pour ceux qui en souffriront le plus.

Les origines du Covid-19 tant en Europe qu’en Afrique donnaient l’impression qu’il s’agissait d’une maladie de riches: l'épicentre en Europe était la station de ski d’Ishgl en Autriche. [4] En Afrique, le virus s’est répandu avec les touristes étrangers et les africains qui peuvent se permettre d’aller à l’étranger. Par un effet pervers, les classes ouvrières européenne et africaine sont en train d’en payer le prix. Les quartiers pauvres de Londres et Kampala racontent la même histoire: des pertes d’emplois massives, l'incapacité de satisfaire ses besoins essentiels et un haut niveau de décès. [5] Les communautés qui souffrent à cause de réglementations institutionnelles disproportionnées ont vu la violence augmenter au nom de la distanciation physique - des Africains et des minorités ethniques à Londres (aussi désignés par BAME au Royaume-Uni pour Black, Asian and other Minority Ethnics / Africains, Asiatiques et autres Minorités Ethniques) à des personnes défavorisées du Kenya et de l’Ouganda blessées par balle pour avoir violé les règles de quarantaine. [6]

La pandémie est une crise étrange: les ravages qu’elle cause ont un impact sur tous, mais chaque personne vit cette situation de manière différente. Les dynamiques de dévastation à travers l’Europe et l’Afrique sont similaires: les riches répandent le virus et résistent au ralentissement économique, tandis que les pauvres se trouvent face à la misère et à la maladie. En tant que citoyenne de deux pays, j'ai dû faire des choix difficiles moi aussi. En mars, lorsque les gens du monde entier couraient chez eux pour être avec leurs familles, je me suis posé la question si je devais rester en Ouganda ou retourner dans mon second foyer en Allemagne. Pendant cette crise planétaire sans précédent, aucun de mes foyers n’est réellement sûr. Il est aussi personnellement préoccupant d'observer le haut niveau d’infection parmi les communautés noires du Royaume-Uni, où je suis en train de faire mon doctorat. [7] À la fin, j’ai décidé de rester en Ouganda, et maintenant je sais que c’était la bonne décision. La seule chose qui a atténué les difficultés des deux derniers mois a été, pour moi, d’être avec ma famille. Le mois dernier, pour la première fois en sept ans, j’ai célébré la Fête des mères avec ma mère en personne. De tels moments de joie me donnent de la force pendant les pires journées.


[1] BBC (2020) https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52323375

[2]  Ministère de la santé de l’Ouganda (2020) https://www.health.go.ug/

[3] Campbell, Perraudin, Davis and Weaver (2020) https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/05/uk-coronavirus-death-toll-rises-above-32000-to-highest-in-europe

[4] BBC (2020) https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-52007104

[5] Austrian and Abuya (2020) https://theconversation.com/we-wanted-to-know-how-coronavirus-affects-nairobis-slum-residents-what-we-found-137621; Mohdin, A. (2020) https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/may/01/covid-19-coronavirus-newham-london-uk-worst-affected-area

[6] Dodd, V. (2020) https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jun/03/met-police-twice-as-likely-to-fine-black-people-over-lockdown-breaches-research; Moore, D. (2020) https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/fury-kenya-police-brutality-coronavirus-curfew-200402125719150.html; Hayden, S. (2020) https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/may/28/i-realised-my-body-was-burning-police-brutality-in-uganda-lockdown

[7] BBC (2020) https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-52219070


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Anna Adima

Anna Adima

Of German-Ugandan heritage, Anna is a PhD student at the University of York in the UK, where she is researching East African History. She is particularly interested in women’s history, heritage preservation, and issues surrounding race and feminism. With stints in Mwanza, The Hague, Toulouse, London, and Nairobi – in between returning to her ‘passport countries’ – Anna is privileged to have called different places around the world home. When she is not covered in dust looking at old documents in historical archives, Anna enjoys drinking coffee, swimming, and can often be found curled up in her favourite spot on the couch reading a book. She tweets @anna_adima.

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