Participants of the Climate Forum in 2019, photo credit 350.org

Спрашивать а не указывать: как правительство работать с общинами по изменению климата.

Регионы и местные НПО разбираются лучше правительства в экологической политике. Поэтому именно регионы должны возглавить энергетический переход в Украине.
Ukraine, Eastern Europe

Story by Illia Yeremenko
Published on January 23, 2021.

This story is also available in GB ar fr it kr nl tr ua



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В 2019 году в Украине прошли двое выборов [1] и новое правительство изменило экологическую политику в Украине. Министерство энергетики и угольной промышленности и Министерство экологии объединили в одну структуру, назвав ее «Министерство энергетики и защиты окружающей среды». Далее, новый министр энергетики и окружающей среды предложил концепцию «Нового зеленого соглашения» для Украины. [2] Я поддерживаю саму идею, но, по моему опыту работы с органами местной власти, могу вас заверить, что утверждению такого документа должно предшествовать гораздо больше обсуждений с заинтересованными сторонами на всех уровнях, в частности на местном.

В 2010 году я студентом пришел волонтерить в экологическую НПО. Моей первой задачей стало исследование энергетической эффективности Маневицкого района, небольшой административной единицы на севере Украины. Общаясь с сотрудниками местной администрации, я отметил их высокую мотивацию. Они стремились улучшить комфорт жителей путем повышения энергетической эффективности общественных зданий. Хотя далеко не всегда госслужащие настолько мотивированы, все, с кем я общался, действительно хотели улучшить жизнь своих сограждан. Такое отношение особенно характерно для небольших общин, где госслужащие представляют потребности своих друзей и соседей. Поэтому я убежден, что именно регионы, а не центральное правительство, должны возглавить «новую зеленую трансформацию».

Центральная власть должна это понять. В своей работе в НПО, я вижу национальном политику с перспективы местных чиновников. Правительство планирует на уровне страны и не советуется с регионами. Недостаточные консультации ведут к трудностям во время внедрения политик на местах. Например, государственные субсидии на оплату коммунальных услуг для малообеспеченных семей начисляются так, что это противоречит энергоэффективности. Чтобы иметь право на субсидию, домохозяйство должно потребить определенный объем газа в год. Если оно потребляет меньше, то теряет субсидию. Таким образом, людям приходится жечь больше природного газа чтобы получать субсидию. Я называю это антистимулом.

Однажды в кафе я обсуждал с коллегами как сократить разрыв между национальной политикой и местным уровнем. Эти размышления воплотились в крупнейшее событие, которое я когда-либо организовывал: форум «Климатические амбиции городов», 2019 год. Мы собрали представителей 50 органов местного самоуправления, включая мэров семи городов. На форуме 21 местный совет подписал декларацию форума, призывающую уделять больше внимания изменениям в регионах, в частности в сферах зеленой энергетики и климата. Это было самое большое и влиятельное событие в сфере энергетики, которую организовывали украинские общественные организации.

Многие участники высказывались в поддержку идеи улучшения сотрудничества между местным и национальным уровнями а также «новой зеленой трансформации» в целом.

Я гордился тем, чего удалось достичь.

Как общественные организации, мы поддерживаем органы местного самоуправления, которые готовы к действиям для преодоления изменений климата. Если бы правительство делало так же, перейти к новой зеленой экономики удалось бы очень быстро.


[1] Больше о выборах можно почитать тут и тут.

[2] См. публикацию Кабинета министров Украины. Скачать концепцию можно по ссылке.


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Illia Yeremenko

Illia Yeremenko

Illia (31) works for the NGO Ecoclub of Ukraine and has been chairing the Ukrainian Climate Network for the last four  years. Ecoclub is based in Rivne, western Ukraine, but its operations cover the whole country and, to a limited extent, engage other eastern European countries (Georgia, Moldova). Illia joined the organization as a student eight years ago. From the very beginning his work was closely related to local authorities. Illia designed and carried out educational and awareness-raising programs for local officials, and participated at countless round tables and meetings to help them in strategizing. He believes that local communities are the force that brings prosperity to any nation.

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