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Cada pasaporte tiene una historia

A pesar de esta enorme injusticia, porque nadie elige un pasaporte en particular al nacer, algunas personas tienen que pasar por todo esto.
Madagascar, Eastern Africa

Story by Fortunat Miarintsoa Andrianimanana. Translated by Alexis Cañari Moña
Published on April 11, 2020.

This story is also available in GB ar cn de it kr tr



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Tu pasaporte dice mucho sobre ti. Mucho más que tu nombre o tu cumpleaños. Las tres cosas que el oficial de inmigración no dejará de examinar son el número de visados en las páginas de tu pasaporte, la fecha de caducidad de este y lo más importante, el país que emitió tu pasaporte. Esta simple información puede hacer tu vida bastante difícil y hacer que tu sueño de infancia de "libre movimiento " en todo el mundo, se desvanezca. Pero también puede suceder lo contrario. Todo depende de cuál es el país que emitió tu pasaporte. La verdad es que, si todavía no estás furioso por el pasaporte que tienes, es porque naciste en el país "correcto".

Recuerdo los montones de documentos que tuve que entregar en la Embajada de España para venir a España a realizar mis estudios, las entrevistas estresantes que tuve que pasar para asistir a una conferencia en el Reino Unido o para visitar los Estados Unidos. En consecuencia, el país que expidió tu pasaporte determina el número de países en los que puedes entrar sin un visado previo. Mientras más países puedas visitar sin un visado, más "poderoso" es tu pasaporte. Los pasaportes se clasifican anualmente, siendo así que, en el 2020 destacaron los pasaportes de Japón, Singapur, Corea del Sur, Alemania, Italia, por nombrar sólo unos pocos, como los pasaportes más "poderosos" y los de Afganistán, Irak, Siria, Pakistán, Somalia, etc. como los más débiles [1]Mi pasaporte malgache, por ejemplo, me permite entrar a 55 países sin visado. Hay muy poca información sobre las razones de la desigualdad entre los pasaportes. Es sin duda el resultado de tratados diplomáticos y comerciales entre países.

Obviamente, cuanto más poderoso es tu pasaporte, mayores son tus posibilidades para circular libremente en el mundo. De lo contrario, como en mi caso, será necesario realizar todo un viaje burocrático memorable, si se desea salir del país de origen con un "pasaporte débil" en el bolsillo. A pesar de esta enorme injusticia, porque nadie elige un pasaporte en particular al nacer, algunas personas tienen que pasar por todo esto.

Cuanto mayor sea el número de visados estampados en un "pasaporte débil", mayor es la posibilidad de que el titular del pasaporte pueda obtener un visado concedido, ya que el personal de la embajada o del consulado es consciente de que esta persona es “la menos probable” para realizar un viaje sin regreso. Esa es la fuerza del número de visados estampados en tu pasaporte. En mi caso, se me permite entrar a algunos países sin visado, solo si tuviera una residencia en algún país europeo o en los Estados Unidos.

El titular de un "pasaporte débil" deberá demostrar el motivo de sus viajes, su subsistencia económica y su intención de regresar al país de origen antes de partir. En otras palabras, cuantos más ingresos económicos tengas, más fácil será para ti ser recibido en otro país. El pasaporte es, por tanto, el primer filtro de inmigración que favorece a los titulares de "pasaportes poderosos".

Lo que tu pasaporte no dice acerca de ti, es tu historia. O más precisamente, por qué estas mostrando tu pasaporte y solicitando un visado. Desafortunadamente, ésta es la última de las preocupaciones para los agentes de inmigración, los cuales solicitan y examinan tu pasaporte. ¿Visitar a un miembro de la familia que está muriendo en otro país? ¿Buscar refugio para escapar de guerras interminables en tu propio país? ¿O simplemente reunirte con tu ser amado? Hay miles de razones que nos obligan a dejar nuestro país por un tiempo o para siempre.

Con un poco de suerte, serás capaz de obtener un visado estampado en tu pasaporte. Sin embargo, notarás que la historia de tu pasaporte depende del país que lo emitió.


[1] Henley Passport Index 2020 (https://www.henleypassportindex.com/passport); Business Insider (https://www.businessinsider.com/best-passports-most-countries-no-visa-henley-index-2020-1);Forbes: (https://www.forbes.com/sites/duncanmadden/2020/01/10/the-most-powerful-passports-in-the-world-in-2020/);
CNN (https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/henley-index-world-best-passport-2020/index.html)


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Fortunat Miarintsoa Andrianimanana

Fortunat Miarintsoa Andrianimanana

I am a 27 years young Malagasy (no, there are no penguins in Madagascar). I am a convinced life enthusiast willing to always adjust the sails, enjoying at the moment the Barcelonean way of life.  When I am not investigating on internationally displaced people’s welfare or learning marketing strategy, you’ll find me listening to piano concertos or giving a (passionate) hug to someone somewhere.

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