Xiban from @食􀹶酷 on bilibili

作为客家族的我,和传统食物“粄”的故事

品尝到美味的传统美食,我将我的少数民族身份和客家族迁徙的历史联系了起来,并且见证了百年时光的变迁。
China, Eastern Asia

Story by Zhihao Zhong. Translated by Lina Bell
Published on January 5, 2022.

This story is also available in GB it kr pt



我很喜欢吃白米饭,以前不懂其中的原因。后来在生物课上学到,米饭如此美味是因为我的唾液中的酶会在咀嚼的同时将米饭分解为糖分。然而,我觉得,我对米饭的热爱其实是来源于我最喜爱的客家族【1】食物“”(Bǎn[1]

客家族,是中国东南部的少数民族之一。美食和语言是客家族最独特的两种文化标志。在客家族多种多样的特色美食中,粄是我的最爱,它是一种用米粉做成的蒸米糕。除米粉外,还会加入黏米、小麦和马铃薯来让口感更丰富。有时也会放点莲子酱、芝麻和小萝卜作为点缀[2]。

我发现,在客家族人口较少的城市中,人们基本不知道“粄”是什么。显然,这个词语甚至已经从现代汉语辞典中消失,只能从古代汉语辞典中查到了[3]。一种解释是说,由于客家族更倾向于隐居生活,所以客家话的发音和古代汉语[4]更为接近。从北方迁徙后,一部分客家族人来到了中国南部的广东地区[6]。当地人并不欢迎客家族人,以暴力手段强迫他们居住在山区。因此,客家族和外界的联系减少了。保留下来的古语“粄”实则反映了客家族迁徙和曾使用的语言的历史。

由于小麦在中国北部的广泛种植,北方人做饭时常用到面粉。北方有很多种包子,和粄类似,不过制作的主要原料是面粉而不是米。包子和粄之间的联系,也反映出客家族南迁的历史。民族记忆里在小麦种植区常吃的包子,来到南方变成了多种多样的粄。

 

来自南方的我也很喜欢吃包子,不过最喜欢的还是粄。包子是中国的国民食物,不过粄目前只在客家族聚居的地区流行。在不同场合下食用不同种类的粄的习俗,使得这种食物更加独特。比如,我最喜欢的“喜粄”[5]常见于婚庆、祭祖和礼佛的场合。虽然我日常生活中也会吃喜粄,但是它总让我想起参加节庆活动的记忆。

除了客家祖的传统习俗之外,我的家庭也形成了独特的风俗。我的姑姑会在秋天的时候做萝卜粄。我吃萝卜粄的时候,总会想到这位姑姑,和她把满满的萝卜粄端到餐桌上的身影。

我曾经在一个山区里的客家族集落生活了两年,在那里,我学到了更多关于粄的知识。那里的人和我讲的客家话有些差别,并且制作的粄的种类更多。我认为这是因为我住的地方和广东人【6】挨得更近。但是,粄就是将我和他们心中的客家文化联系在一起的最好方式,我们因共同的美食而紧密相连。这里丰富的粄激起了我对于身为客家族一分子的自豪感,并扩充了我关于每种吃过的粄的记忆。

粄在承载了客家族历史、语言和文化的同时,也是每个客家人的身份烙印。下次回到家乡的时候,我一定要先吃一顿粄。


[1] Rubinstein, Murray A. (2004), "Rethinking Taiwanese and Chinese Identity: Melissa J. Brown's Is Taiwan Chinese?", iir.nccu.edu.tw, Institute of International Relations, 40, pp. 454–458

[2] Rao, Yuansheng (饶原生).粄食 (Bǎn),“中国第五大发明”(China’s fifth great invention) [J].同舟共进,2020(06):83-86.

[3] Luo, Xin (罗鑫).有关“粄”的历史人类学考察——基于汉字文化圈视野 (The historical anthropological study about ‘Ban’ – based on the Hanzi cultural perspective) [J].汕头大学学报(人文社会科学版),2017,33(08):47-52+96.

[4] Wang, W.Z. et al. (2020). "Tracing the origins of Hakka and Chaoshanese by mitochondrial DNA analysis". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 141 (1): 124–30.

[5] 喜粄是一种甜口的粄,用黏米和糖制成,通常是红色的。

[6] 此处的广东人并非中国广东省的居民,而是以粤语为主要语言的人,他们和客家族的主要分布地区很接近。


How does this story make you feel?

Follow-up

Do you have any questions after reading this story? Do you want to follow-up on what you've just read? Get in touch with our team to learn more! Send an email to
[email protected].

Talk about this Story

Please enable cookies to view the comments powered by Disqus.

Share your story

Every story we share is another perspective on a complex topic like migration, gender and sexuality or liberation. We believe that these personal stories are important to better understand what's going on in our globalised society - and to better understand each other. That's because we are convinced that the more we understand about each other, the easier it will be for us to really talk to one another, to get closer - and to maybe find solutions for the issues that affect us all. 

Do you want to share your story? Then have a look here for more info.

Share Your Story

Subscribe to our Monthly Newsletter

Stay up to date with new stories on Correspondents of the World by subscribing to our monthly newsletter:

* indicates required

Follow us on Social Media

Zhihao Zhong

Zhihao Zhong

Zhihao Zhong (he/they) studies public policy in Berlin. He previously worked at a Chinese village school for two years and enjoyed his close contact with the nature there. Zhihao can’t take their eyes off feminism and intersectionality, but you may buy them off with good food or animals.

Other Stories in 简体中文


Elijah Kanye


Show all

Get involved

At Correspondents of the World, we want to contribute to a better understanding of one another in a world that seems to get smaller by the day - but somehow neglects to bring people closer together as well. We think that one of the most frequent reasons for misunderstanding and unnecessarily heated debates is that we don't really understand how each of us is affected differently by global issues.

Our aim is to change that with every personal story we share.

Share Your Story

Community Worldwide

Correspondents of the World is not just this website, but also a great community of people from all over the world. While face-to-face meetings are difficult at the moment, our Facebook Community Group is THE place to be to meet other people invested in Correspondents of the World. We are currently running a series of online-tea talks to get to know each other better.

Join Our Community

EXPLORE TOPIC Migration

Global Issues Through Local Eyes

We are Correspondents of the World, an online platform where people from all over the world share their personal stories in relation to global development. We try to collect stories from people of all ages and genders, people with different social and religious backgrounds and people with all kinds of political opinions in order to get a fuller picture of what is going on behind the big news.

Our Correspondents

At Correspondents of the World we invite everyone to share their own story. This means we don't have professional writers or skilled interviewers. We believe that this approach offers a whole new perspective on topics we normally only read about in the news - if at all. If you would like to share your story, you can find more info here.

Share Your Story

Our Editors

We acknowledge that the stories we collect will necessarily be biased. But so is news. Believing in the power of the narrative, our growing team of awesome editors helps correspondents to make sure that their story is strictly about their personal experience - and let that speak for itself.

Become an Editor

Vision

At Correspondents of the World, we want to contribute to a better understanding of one another in a world that seems to get smaller by the day - but somehow neglects to bring people closer together as well. We think that one of the most frequent reasons for misunderstanding and unnecessarily heated debates is that we don't really understand how each of us is affected differently by global issues.

Our aim is to change that with every personal story we share.

View Our Full Vision & Mission Statement

Topics

We believe in quality over quantity. To give ourselves a focus, we started out to collect personal stories that relate to our correspondents' experiences with six different global topics. However, these topics were selected to increase the likelihood that the stories of different correspondents will cover the same issues and therefore illuminate these issues from different perspectives - and not to exclude any stories. If you have a personal story relating to a global issue that's not covered by our topics, please still reach out to us! We definitely have some blind spots and are happy to revise our focus and introduce new topics at any point in time. 

Environment

Discussions about the environment often center on grim, impersonal figures. Among the numbers and warnings, it is easy to forget that all of these statistics actually also affect us - in very different ways. We believe that in order to understand the immensity of environmental topics and global climate change, we need the personal stories of our correspondents.

Gender and Sexuality

Gender is the assumption of a "normal". Unmet expectations of what is normal are a world-wide cause for violence. We hope that the stories of our correspondents will help us to better understand the effects of global developments related to gender and sexuality, and to reveal outdated concepts that have been reinforced for centuries.

Migration

Our correspondents write about migration because it is a deeply personal topic that is often dehumanized. People quickly become foreigners, refugees - a "they". But: we have always been migrating, and we always will. For millions of different reasons. By sharing personal stories about migration, we hope to re-humanize this global topic.

Liberation

We want to support the demand for justice by spotlighting the personal stories of people who seek liberation in all its different forms. Our correspondents share their individual experiences in creating equality. We hope that for some this will be an encouragement to continue their own struggle against inequality and oppression - and for some an encouragement to get involved.

Education

Education is the newest addition to our themes. We believe that education, not only formal but also informal, is one of the core aspects of just and equal society as well as social change. Our correspondents share their experiences and confrontations about educational inequalities, accessibility issues and influence of societal norms and structures. 

Corona Virus

2020 is a year different from others before - not least because of the Corona pandemic. The worldwide spread of a highly contagious virus is something that affects all of us in very different ways. To get a better picture of how the pandemic's plethora of explicit and implicit consequences influences our everyday life, we share lockdown stories from correspondents all over the world.

Growing Fast

Although we started just over a year ago, Correspondents of the World has a quickly growing community of correspondents - and a dedicated team of editors, translators and country managers.

94

Correspondents

112

Stories

56

Countries

433

Translations

Contact

Correspondents of the World is as much a community as an online platform. Please feel free to contact us for whatever reason!

Message Us

Message on WhatsApp

Call Us

Joost: +31 6 30273938